In 777 participants of the New Approach Rivaroxaban Inhibition of Factor Xa in a Global Trial vs. ASA to Prevent Embolism in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (NAVIGATE-ESUS) trial who were followed up for a median of 2 years, the incidence of atrial fibrillation was 2.9 per 100 person-years in patients with ipsilateral non-stenotic carotid plaques vs. 5.0 per 100 person-years in those without (overall rate: 8.5 vs. 19.0%; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.84) (15). The gene discussed is F10; the disease is stroke disorder.