Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to be one of the most important factors involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, which plays a crucial role in regulating histone and DNA methylation through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to the chromatin. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and diabetic kidney disease.