CSF1R and central nervous system cancer: Antitumor drugs targeting macrophages (Yu et al., 2021), such as colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), have been used to create glioma models in mice (Pyonteck et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2019; Akkari et al., 2020) found that targeting these Gliomas associated macrophages populations using a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor combined with radiotherapy substantially enhanced survival in preclinical models.