For instance, as a consequence of ER stress, PERK‐induced activation of the ISR results in the expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) in tumor and non‐tumor cells (Hamanaka et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2004; Warnakulasuriyarachchi et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene BIRC2 and neoplasm.