The number of TLS cases receiving an anti-(CTLA-4 + PD-1) regimen increased from 2018 because the combined therapy was newly indicated for renal cell carcinoma, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer in 2018 and hepatocellular carcinoma in 2020. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.