By blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or targeting the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for a range of neoplasms (Hodi et al., 2010; Borghaei et al., 2015; Brahmer et al., 2015; Le et al., 2015; Reck et al., 2016; Rittmeyer et al., 2017). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.