PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Among the different and numerous models used to study PD, that include mutated α-synuclein, Lrrk2, and DJ-1, PINK1, and Parkin knockout mice, none of them can recapitulate both DA neurons degeneration and α-synuclein aggregation, highlighting the actual complexity of replicating PD pathobiology in animal models (Konnova and Swanberg, 2018).