In bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model, emodin (20 mg/kg) alleviates fibroblast activation by repressing TGF-β1 expression and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and also preformed inhibitory effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ECM deposition in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells with similar mechanisms [78]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.