Applying MPH landscapes to a collection of (small) regions of interest across a tumor, distinct spatial patterns for different immune cell types are detected (Fig. 3): in this example, in these regions of interest, T cell (CD8+ and FoxP3+) distributions tend to form more pronounced voids than macrophage (CD68+) distributions, a finding which appears to be more marked in less well oxygenated tumors compared to those with less extensive regions of necrosis, pimonidazole- or CAIX-positivity. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.