NPPA and Hypervolemia: Indeed, Chappell et al. observed that inducing acute hypervolemia by infusing 20 mL/kg body weight of an iso-oncotic hydroxyethyl starch (HES) colloid solution (6% HES 130/0.4, Volulyte) led to shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx as evidenced by a significant increase in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and a rise in serum hyaluronan and serum and urine syndecan-1 (Chappell et al., 2014).