TSC2 and cancer: Phosphorylation of TSC2 by AKT activated the mTORC1-S6K/4E-BP pathway that is regarded as an energy-sensor to monitor metabolic changes and support cancer cell growth (Valvezan and Manning, 2019), while phosphorylation of FOXO transcription factors enhanced tumorigenesis by influencing glycolysis, redox homeostasis, and many other cell growth-associated pathways (Hornsveld et al., 2018).