DUOX1 and Immunodeficiency: Physical defenses, the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway, dual oxidase–reactive oxygen species (Duox-ROS), the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways, and the intestinal symbiotic flora have been reported to be the main regulatory mechanisms of microbial homeostasis in the insect gut (Bai et al., 2018).