We found that anti-ITGB6 antibody was more effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation level of Smad3 in 3D-cultured NC-ITGAV cells than in 3D-cultured si-ITGAV cells, implying that ITGAV might play a role in ITGB6-regulated activation of latent TGFβ1 in 3D-cultured ovarian cancer spheroids (Figure 4C). Here, SMAD3 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.