Activating mutations encoding cytokine receptors and mediating the RAS signal transduction system (NRAS, KRAS, FLT3, and JAK1), inactivating mutations encoding transcription factors (GATA3, ETV6, and RUNX1) and histone repair (EZH2 and EP300) during hematopoietic stem cell development are common in ETP-ALL/LBL patients [5, 6, 13]. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.