HMGB1 and lung disorder: In pulmonary disease, especially pathologies involving pathogen exposure, respiratory epithelial cells, and infiltrating leukocytes release large amounts of HMGB1, which acts as an early regulator of innate immunity and inflammation (Hosakote et al., 2016; Arikkatt et al., 2017; Di Candia et al., 2017; Imbalzano et al., 2017).