NPPA and heart failure: There has been much effort made to utilise natriuretic peptides, namely atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), ventricular natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) for the treatment of heart failure.69, -71 The first characterised reptilian natriuretic peptide, dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP), was extracted from the Eastern green mamba snake Dendroaspis angusticeps.