TNF and meningitis: Compared to serotype 10A, on multivariable analysis controlling for age and HIV status, we found serotype 18A to be associated with higher concentration of TNFα concentration (coef: 6.22, HDI: 2.08, 10.31) in the CSF of meningitis patients (Fig. 1C, Bayesian R2 = 0.40, Supplementary Table S6).