In tumor-bearing hosts, the activated CXCLs/CXCR1/2 axis plays an important role in supporting immune evasion and tumor progression partially through promoting neutrophils and PMN-MDSCs recruitment.196 Further, traditional anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been found to induce inflammatory CXCLs release, which in turn lead to therapy resistance. Here, CXCR1 is linked to neoplasm.