TP53 and neoplasm: In addition, mutations of KRAS and TP53, although not prevalent in MSI tumors, and respectfully favor tumor proliferation and deregulate DNA repair [106–108], TP53 mutation was found to increase expression of immune checkpoints, effector T cells and IFN-γ signature; furthermore, TP53/KRAS co-mutated subgroup manifested increased expression of PD-L1 [109, 110].