TNF and gastric cancer: Expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-8, was significantly reduced in cultured CD8+ T cells from GC patients when compared with those from NC (Dunns multiple comparisons test or LSD-t test, all P < 0.01, Table 2).