SPP1 and cancer: Remarkably, cytokine levels in the aged microenvironment, especially the uPA/uPAR mediators uPA,[59] uPAR, SERPINE1,[60, 61] ANG,[62] and OPN,[63, 64] as well as the IL1 family[65, 66] and IL8,[67] TGFβ family,[68] MMP2,[69, 70] which largely affect cell behavior, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as cancer progression,[71] are reduced to the young matrix levels after LOX knockdown.