TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the current study, EDIH was more strongly associated with IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, and ICAM-1 than EDIP; however, both dietary indices were strongly associated with type 2 diabetes prevalence in the current study and with type 2 diabetes risk in recent prospective cohort studies (7, 8), although with EDIP showing stronger associations than EDIH.