According to the existing literature, the diagnosis of ATIL should be considered in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy and, in a temporal relationship, developing at least one non-serological (including arthritis, serositis, hematological disorder, or malar rash) and one serological (such as ANA or anti-dsDNA positivity) criterion for lupus according to the ACR.6,7. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus.