Moreover, the TWAS analysis using GWAS summary statistics from Biobank Japan and eQTL summary statistics from eQTLGen and GTEx reiterate the importance of MHC molecules, interferon-gamma signalling and apoptosis for several autoimmune and infection-related traits (rheumatoid arthritis, Graves’ disease, chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C), and suggest novel susceptibility loci for cardiovascular traits (congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease) and osteoporosis. The gene discussed is HLA-C; the disease is chronic hepatitis B virus infection.