In addition, as a downstream factor activated by the SIRT1-PGC-1α axis, TFAM can play a role in diseases such as diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy by enhancing the function of mitochondria, promote the complete oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, and provide a large number of sources of ATP for cells (Chandrasekaran et al., 2019). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.