APOE and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: Although some studies suggested that PA may modify the impact of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (Bos et al., 2018), however, the evidence was inconclusive; other longitudinal studies found no evidence for an interaction effect between PA and APOE ε4 in cognitive decline in older adults (Folley et al., 2019; Stringa et al., 2020) or found the association of PA with better cognitive function only in among APOE ε4 noncarriers (Fernández-Matarrubia et al., 2021).