GSK3B and Parkinson disease: The authors hypothesized that inhaled lithium from smoking might account for the associated reduced rates of PD, a beneficial effect mediated by the inhibition of GSK3β and activation of beta-catenin, two factors that could be effective therapeutic targets against PD, for neuroprotective drugs, including the ones modulating the α7nAChRs (L’Episcopo et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2017; Guttuso, 2019; Guttuso et al., 2019b; Vallee et al., 2021).