Previous studies of genetic risk factors for cognitive decline in early stages of AD using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) subjects34 and Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL)35 found significant effects of APOE ɛ4 and PGSs associated with AD34,35. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.