Dysregulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling is associated with the development of several cardiovascular anomalies, including atherosclerosis, aneurysms, cardiac fibrosis, and calcification of the valves (Jian et al. 2003; Loeys et al. 2006; Gomez et al. 2009; Van De Laar et al. 2011). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is aneurysm.