Currently, there are four clinical trials underway targeting aSyn in MSA (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04165486, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02270489, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03100149), as well as 1 clinical trial examining the effects of GDNF gene delivery (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04680065) in this population. This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and multiple system atrophy.