BRAF and thyroid gland papillary carcinoma: BRAF (OMIM 164757) variations are detected in 26% to 84% of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs)14,15,16,17 and 10% to 15% of all human cancers.8,18,19 The most prevalent type of BRAF variation is BRAF V600E, in which an amino acid valine (V) was substituted to glutamic acid (E) at codon 600 (p.V600E) caused by transversion T to A at nucleotide 1799 (c.