GDNF and brain infarction: In our previous study, we found reactive astrocytes expressed enhanced GDNF afterphotothrombosis (PT)-induced FIS, and deletion of GDNF in astro-cytes using inducible andconditional knockout mice lead to increased neuronal death and brain infarction after PT.Moreover, deletion of GDNF reduced proliferation of reactive astrocytes compared based onBrdu and Ki67 staining in the PIR, indicating that astrocytic GDNF can promote neuralregeneration.