Using arecovery model of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, we show that, while macro-phagesdeliver the antiviral and anti-neurogenic cytokine IL-1β during acute infection; viralrecovery is associated with continued astrocyte inflammasome-mediated production ofinflammatory levels of IL-1β, which is maintained by hippocampal astrogenesis via IL- 1R1signaling in neural stem cells (NSC). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and encephalitis.