INS and Alzheimer disease: Background: Neuronal and astrocytic-derived Extracellular Vesicles (NEVs andAEVs) can be isolated from blood with immuno-precipitation against neuronal/glial proteins.NEV cargo provides diverse Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, including Abeta42, total andphospho-Tau, insulin signaling mediators, synaptic proteins, cellular stress response factorREST, lysosomal enzymes, and mtRNAs.