PDCD1 and neoplasm: Above all, the combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 analogues is more likely to be a promising and novel therapeutic option, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhancing anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 efficiency by reversing VEGF-mediated immunosuppression and promoting T-cell mediated tumor lysis25,26.