TNF and Alzheimer disease: In this regard, cytokine Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a cytokine formerly known as TNFSF10 and a member of the TNF superfamily, produced by injured neurons [23] and by activated glia [24], with its potent immune-modulatory properties represents a pleiotropic fine-tuning effector of the inflammatory/immune response with an orchestrating role in the complex scenario of AD etiopathogenesis [25].