GSEA visualization analysis showed a significant increase in the enrichment of double-stranded DNA breakage regulation in the presence of miR-342-5p expression (Fig. 5A), suggesting that miR-342-5p may affect the DNA repair ability of CML during imatinib treatment, further leading to a switch from the single-stranded repair-induced ATR-chk1 axis to the double-stranded breakage-associated ATM-chk2 axis [59–61]. This evidence concerns the gene CHEK1 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.