TNF and osteoporosis: As regards the inflammatory indices, our results reported a marked significant elevation in the mean values of NF-Қb gene expression in tibial tissue, serum TNF-α, IL-6, hsCR and Nitric oxide as a result of ovariectomy and subsequent induction of osteoporosis in the untreated osteoporosis group when compared with corresponding values in control sham-operated group as shown in Table 5 denoting the dramatic effect of osteoporosis on inflammatory indices.