IL17F and neoplasm: As UDP was the strongest inducer of CD4+CD25+ differentiation, STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and Th1 and Th17 markers expression (IFNγ, IL17A, IL17F, T-bet, and RORγt), as well as the strongest inducer of CD8+ T-cell proliferation and of CD8+ T-cell effector markers perforin, granzyme B, CD127, and Eomes, it was conceivable to speculate that UDP could trigger an immuno-mediated, anti-tumor response.