IAPP and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although the mechanism responsible for β-cell dysfunction and death is only partially understood, amyloid deposits of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP, also known as amylin) are found in more than 95% of T2D patients, and more and more findings suggest an important role in pancreatic damage of the accumulation of misfolded β-sheet rich aggregates of hIAPP in the Langerhans islets (Jeong and An, 2015; Akter et al., 2016; Kiriyama and Nochi, 2018).