PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), which have significant anticancer activity, have garnered approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for various malignancies, including advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma (2).