It has been shown that in patients with heart failure or atherosclerosis, uKIM-1 in combination with cysteine C may serve as an early marker of AKI [123] and a risk factor of renal failure progression up to the terminal stage [124], and prognostic significance of uKIM-1 within the frames of such assessment exceeds other urinary markers of renal injury (NAG, NGAL, and L-FABP) [125]. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is acute kidney injury.