HDAC9 and colorectal carcinoma: In further support of the loss of Wnt5a expression induced by histone modification of promoter regions in CRC cells, various research findings demonstrated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaBt), stimulate mRNA and protein expression of Wnt5a by increasing acetylation levels of histones in its promoter region including H3Ac, H4Ac, and H3K4me2 in highly metastatic human CRC cell line SW620 in comparison with nonmetastatic human CRC cell line SW480 [49].