TNF and Cognitive impairment: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma biomarkers for neurodegeneration and inflammatory markers [e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10] were elevated in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to healthy controls (6, 7, 13, 14), associated with an increasing age (23, 24) and cerebral amyloid pathology (25).