Metabolomics studies of 74 obese subjects and 67 lean subjects by Newgard et al. (2009) demonstrated that an overabundance of isoleucine, leucine, and valine correlated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease in a cardiac study cohort and also revealed a strong correlation between glutamate and insulin resistance (Newgard et al., 2009); a lower glutamine:glutamic acid ratio predicted an increased risk of developing diabetes (Cheng et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.