Moreover, in an in vitro model of ALS, PACAP treatment increased cell survival through the activation of PKA/EGFR/MMP-2 axis (Maugeri et al., 2019), while in motor cortex of ALS patients, PACAP and its receptor PAC1 mRNA levels were dysregulated (Bonaventura et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.