For this reason, we chose to separately examine risk associated with APOE and the AD-GRS composed of CLU, CR1, and PICALM. All three SNPs have been associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults (Mengel-From et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2018; Zijlstra et al., 2018). The gene discussed is PICALM; the disease is Alzheimer disease.