It is worth noting that a cytoplasmic form of mutant HOP2 is highly expressed in many cell types of the mesenchymal lineage, including pericytes, adipocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and myoepithelial cells in human breast cancer samples (46), and relevant to the major finding of this study, the increased cytoplasmic HOP2 expression is associated with increased adipogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene PSMC3IP and breast cancer.