For example, miR-23a-3p is one of the most enriched miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell exosomes during ER stress and can inhibit the expression of PTEN and increase the expression of phosphorylated AKT and PD-L1 in macrophages, which subsequently decreases the production of interleukin-2 and the ratio of CD8+ T cells but increases the number of apoptotic T cells [91]. Here, PTEN is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.