CSF2 and neoplasm: DCs are a heterogeneous population consisting of CD103+ or CD8+ classical cDC1s, CD11b+ classical type 2 DCs (cDC2s), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs).15 Because the tumor milieu prevents i.t. DCs from inducing an effective CD8+ T cell response, we further explored the mechanism through which the dual TLR2 agonist and GM-CSF activate the tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell population after i.t. administration.