CSF2 and neoplasm: A previous study showed that systemic rlipoE7m therapy alone induced a moderate antitumor response in a late-stage TC-1 tumor model that expressed the immunodominant E7 antigens.6 To test the ability of GM-CSF to enhance the antitumor efficacy of systemic rlipoE7m treatment, TC-1 tumor-bearing mice were s.c. immunized with rlipoE7m-MoGM once on day 14 when the tumor volume reached 50–100 mm3.