CD274 and tuberculosis: We have extended these studies and demonstrate for the first time a) elevated levels of PDL1 on monocytes from TB/HIV co-infected patients, b) that among monocyte subsets the highest expression of PDL1 occurs on intermediate monocytes among HIV or TB/HIV co-infected patients, and c) while serum cytokines associated with PDL1, neither serum cytokines nor monocyte PDL1 surface expression associated with blood monocyte cytokine mRNA.