CRP and anemia (phenotype): For the difference in laboratory alterations between COVID-19 infected patients and co-infected individuals, the previous study showed that most of the COVID–19 monoinfected patients had normal leukocyte count (72.1%), elevated CRP (100%), elevated procalcitonin (74%), higher D-dimer (67%), elevated AST (66%), elevated ALT (37%), nearly normal urea and creatinine [10], whereas patients with coinfection[14–20] demonstrated thrombocytopenia (41.7%), lymphopenia (33.3%), elevated bilirubin (33.3%), elevated D-dimer (25%), elevated ferritin (25%), elevated CRP (25%), and mild anemia (16.7%).