IL13 and ethylmalonic encephalopathy: It has been reported that eosinophils play a critical role in the pathogenesis of EE.[17] Activated eosinophils can secrete a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and chemokine regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted,[19] which could recruit and activate other adaptive immune cells to the site of inflammation.